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Journal of Youth Studies 

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Social Causes of Juvenile Crime

Debbie LAM

Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong

The Fight Crime Committee had commissioned the University of Hong Kong to do a study on "The Social Causes of Juvenile Crime". The report was completed in 1995. The results indicated that while many youths may commit a crime once or twice in their lives, only a proportion might become repeat offenders. Criminal behavior was related to the time that parents could spend with their children, the negative labeling of the school, and the subculture of marginal youth. Such a subculture had a range of characteristics related to their types of activity, ways of making friends, time spent with friends, hedonistic and manipulative relationships, etc. The relationship of criminal behavior and the various variables is complicated. Different youths might become repeat offenders through different paths. The picture was that the more involved youths were with the marginal subculture, the higher the chance for delinquency; the higher delinquency, the more involved they were with the subculture. To prevent juvenile crime, more effort would be needed to improve the youths' bond with the school and to provide greater support to the family. The role of outreaching social work for young people is also recognized in this study.

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The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Programmes for Young Offenders in Hong Kong

Sharon S. K. LEUNG

Lecturer, Division of Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong.

This article presents findings from a research project on the effectiveness of current rehabilitation programmes for young offenders run by the Correctional Services Department (C.S.D.) in Hong Kong. 509 young offenders (including 54 from halfway houses) were surveyed and follow-up interviews were done with 25 ex-offenders and 30 C.S.D. staff. The study found that young offenders were generally satisfied with the programmes. Respondents were less satisfied with the provision of education in youth prisons, facilities for vocational training, overcrowding, complaints system, number of visits allowed and the quality of food. The C.S.D. programmes were effective in changing young offenders' behaviour and attitudes. The article also details findings on the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes and services, including training centres, detention centres, youth prisons, halfway houses, aftercare and psychological services, as well as the complaints and reward system. Suggestions for improvement of the current programmes are discussed. The implications for service delivery in the future are highlighted. These include the provision of a caring model based on humanity and fairness, promotion of quality service by emphasizing the professional development of staff, strengthening the Community Services Support Scheme and community education, and a commitment to further research.

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Dr. Patricia GRAY

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Sovereignty and Juvenile Justice in Hong Kong

Dr. Patricia GRAY

Senior Lecturer in Criminal Justice, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom

(Formerly Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong)

This article examines the similarities and differences between juvenile justice policies and practices in Hong Kong, the UK and the People's Republic of China. Particular emphasis is placed on the likely impact of the change of sovereignty on the Hong Kong juvenile justice system.

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The Police's Roles in the Prevention of Juvenile Crimes

Dr. Francis W. L. LEE

Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

The image of police in the eyes of the public has always been tough, authoritative and hard on crime. However in Hong Kong, police have special arrangements for handling juvenile offenders which are concerned about their welfare. The Superintendents' Discretion Scheme is one of such measures. There are, however, criticisms on the adequacy of supervising cautioned juvenile offenders under the Juvenile Protection Section of the Force. A study has shown that the police, in fact, do possess social and welfare attitudes on the causes and ways of handling juvenile delinquents. These are good foundations for the police to perform a preventive role in juvenile crime. Cooperation with social workers is also a beneficial approach. The roles and strategies of how police can cooperate with social workers, and hence, assist in the prevention of juvenile crime are suggested.

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The Roles of Social Workers in the Judicial System and Rehabilitation of Offenders

Anthony Y. B. TANG

Chief Executive, the Society for Rehabilitation of Offenders, Hong Kong

Both the Justice System and Social Workers respect human rights and dignity. Offenders may thus benefit from such protection through appropriate sentences and opportunities to correct their criminal behaviour. This is especially relevant to juvenile and young offenders for whom the Justice System has great concern with regard to their well-being and rehabilitation. It is envisaged that the relationship between the Justice System and Social Workers will become more intensive in time to come. Through the involvement of social workers and their services, the Justice System would have more alternatives for sentencing, whereas juvenile and young offender will also have more chances to serve their sentences and be assisted by social workers to rehabilitate and re-integrate into society.

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Sentencing Options for Young Offenders in Hong Kong

Dr. the Hon. Rosanna WONG, JP

Executive Director, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups

A study on sentencing options for young offenders was completed in March 1998 by the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups. The opinions of community leaders on sentencing methods for young offenders in Hong Kong were collected through a questionnaire. This article reveals those findings, as well as particular points of debate and feedback from the community. It affirms the value of community-based sentencing for young offenders. It appears that for the one who commits a minor-offence, education-oriented sentencing is preferable to "remedy" or "deterrence" sentencing. The author also introduces non-custodial sentencing methods used aboard. Further, the author discusses the appropriateness and application of Restorative Mediation in the context of Hong Kong.

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Victims of Crime and Related Programmes: an Introduction to "The Victim's Charter" in Hong Kong

CHAN Wai To

Senior Lecturer, Division of Social Studies, The City University of Hong Kong

The Victim's Charter (1996) has set out "both rights and duties of crime victims", and the aim should be "to improve the standards of service for victims of crime whenever possible". This article argues that, regrettably, the current provision of some statutory programmes and social welfare services provided by non-governmental organisations could hardly reach the vast majority of crime victims. They are not adequately taken care of in and by the community. A sound philosophical base and framework for practice should be developed in order to improve the "Victim's Charter" in Hong Kong.

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The Types and Trends of Juvenile Delinquency in Hong Kong

Dr. CHE Wai Kin

Senior Lecturer, Department of Politics & Sociology, Lingnan College Hong Kong

Juvenile delinquency has been a social problem in Hong Kong since the 1970s and has caught the attention of the general public. In the mid-1990's, among the people arrested by the police, one-third of violent crimes and 40 percent of theft were committed by delinquent youths (between 12-21 years of age). This writer argues that juvenile delinquency in Hong Kong is getting worse. In addition to societal factors, he believes that the links between the triad societies and the delinquent youths has contributed to the phenomenon.

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The Juvenile Justice System, Correctional and Rehabilitation Services in China

Professor GUO Xiang

Professor of Criminology and Law, China University of Political Science and Law

Executive President, China Society of Juvenile Delinquency Research

 

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Judicial Services for Young People and the Prevention of Juvenile Crimes in Taiwan

CHEN Meng Ying

President, Fukien Kinmen District Court

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Boot Camp as a Pre-probation Catalyst for Change: an Intermediate Measure between Probation and Long-term Incarceration

Dr. CHAN Cheng

Lecturer, Department of Social Work & Psychology, National University of Singapore

Consultant Psychologist, Panel of Advisers, Juvenile Court, Singapore

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An Overview of Judicial, Correctional and Rehabilitation Services for Young Offenders in Macau

TANG Yuk Wa

General Director, Macau Social Workers' Association

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Juvenile Justice System in Hong Kong

Dr. Lo Tit Wing

Associate Professor, Department of Applied Social Studies, The City University of Hong Kong

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In the Midst of Excuse and Control Cultures: A Critical Discussion on the Roles and Responsibilities of Social Workers in the Rehabilitation of Juvenile Offenders

CHAN Yuk Chung

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Social Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

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A Fulfilling Path¡XCommunity Service Order

KWAN Kam-chuen

Social worker, Social Welfare Department (ex-supervisor of Community Service Orders Office)

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Diversion of Juvenile Crimes: Police Cautioning and Social Worker's Support

Gary L. S. TANG

Supervisor (Youth Support Scheme/N. T. West)

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Youth Rape in Hong Kong

Dr. CHU Yiu Kong

H. K. Representative, Institute of Police and Criminological Studies, University of Portsmouth, UK

Part-time Lecturer, Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

CHOI Kin Fai

B. S. Sc. (Hons), The Chinese University of Hong Kong

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Stealing Behaviour of Juveniles

Jessica C. M. LI

M. Phil In Criminology, University of Cambridge

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Role of Mass Media in Constituting a Juvenile Delinquent Sub-Culture

LAI Kwok Hung

Civic Education Coordinator, Technical Institute, Vocational Training Council, Hong Kong

Ph.D. Candidate, University of Hong Kong

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Summary of the Forum on "Reconstructing Juvenile Delinquency" in Macau

Record: LAI Chi Wai¡@¡@Edit: Dr. Penny Y. Y. CHAN

The Macau Juvenile Delinquency Research Society

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Youth Studies in Hong Kong ¡V A Response to Ting and Ho's Article

Dr. LAW Chi-Kwong

Associate Professor, Department of Social Work & Social Administration, University of Hong Kong

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Perceptions of a Happy Family Amongst Chinese Adolescents and Their Parents

Professor Daniel T. L. SHEK, JP¡@¡@CHAN Lai Kwan

Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

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Analysis of Local Net Group: the Implications of the Study on Net Behavior of Youth in Hong Kong

CHAN King Chuen

Information & Research Manager, Breakthrough

CHAN Chi Fu

Investigator of "Research on Net Behavior of Youth in Hong Kong", Breakthrough

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The Structural is Personal¡H  Re-examination and Re-development of Youth Work in Hong Kong

Dr. Victor C. W. WONG

Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University

Wallace K. C. SHIU

M.Phil. Student, Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University

Youth Social Worker, Tsuen Wan Integrated Youth Service Centre, The Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups

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